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Zhodnocení vybraných ukazatelů složení mléka v průběhu laktace u ovcí plemene cigája
Bartoň, Petr
This master’s thesis evaluates selected indicators of the quality of sheep milk and its components. The sheep of the selected Tsigai breed are bred in the northern part of Zapadni Tatry in Slovakia. As a part of the thesis pool samples of sheep milk were collected at periodic intervals. The pool samples were collected on the average 45th, 75th, 105th, 135th, 165th, 195th, and 225th day of the lactation period. A group of Improved Wallachian breed sheep was added to the experiment for comparison. The milk of the Tsigai breed contained on average 20.03 % of dry matter, 8.14 % of milk fat, 6.38 % of proteins, 4.70 % of lactose, and 63.86 mg/100 ml of urea. The following physicochemical traits were assessed: active acidity, titratable acidity, and a freezing point of the milk. The average value of active acidity was 6.55, of titratable acidity 9.2 °SH, and of the freezing point -0,576 °C. The last sample surprisingly contained a low amount of lactose, however, the most surprising finding was an extremely low amount of somatic cell count at the end of the lactation period. Ascertained correlations correspond with the available papers and do not differ significantly. The acquired results for the Tsigai breed are comparable with the comparison breed of Improved Wallachian.
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Zhodnocení vztahu kvantitativních a kvalitativních parametrů mléčné užitkovosti dojnic holštýnského plemene v konkrétním chovu
Poláčková, Pavlína
The aim of this bachelor’s study was to evaluate an effect between quantitative and qualitative parameters of milk efficiency. As a quantitative parameter was used milk yield. Observed properties from qualitative compounds were fat, protein, lactose, somatic cells and carbamide. To the problem was processed review of literature. Evaluation was realised in cooperative farm AGROS Vyškov-Dědice which deals with breeding of the Holstein breed with average efficiency 35 kg milk per day. Dates of milk efficiency were taken from the control efficiency and afterwards putted through analysis in MS Excel. It has been found that with rising milk yield was increase fat and also protein content which is not common in our farms and it is contrary to commonly stated literature or other authors. Reversely lactose had been evaluated rather indirect impact – the lactose content decreased with increasing milk yield. No correlation was found for somatic cells and carbamide with milk yield.
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Enzymy v mléce
Ostřanská, Michaela
The Bachelor thesis enzymes in milk gives information about enzymes found in milk and handles the topic theoretically. The aim of this paper is to sum up the latest findings regarding the enzymes in milk. The thesis contains more or less detailed characteristics of each enzyme. The characteristics include information about the properties of enzy-mes, their functions, the stability during the processing and their impact on the quality of milk. It is stated that some enzymes are interesting for its beneficial functions in milk (e.g. lactoperoxidase), some enzymes for their ability to detect the degree of the heat treatment (e.g. alkaline phosphatase) and some of them for the impact on the quality of dairy products. The thesis specifies if the enzymes occur in milk naturally or if they are of microbial origin. Other part of the paper focuses on the practical use of enzymes in milk, such as the identification of mastitis based on the increased number of enzymes in milk, the distinguishing between milks of various mammals or the distinction of mature milk and colostrum etc.
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Somatické buňky v mléce a jejich vliv na technologické vlastnosti mléka
Lovasová, Renáta
This bachelor thesis is focused on somatic cells and their effect on processing of dairy products. Somatic cells are indicators of healthy mammary gland. This thesis describes origin, type of somatic cells and components, that effects their quantity. Somatic cells are basic elements in diagnostics of some diseases, primarily diagnostics of mastitis and metabolic disorders. Mastitis is inflammation of the mammary gland and it´s the most frequent and the most significant disease of mammary gland. Somatic cells are indicators of state of health of metabolic disorders, primarily acidosis, alkalosis and ketosis. These diseases induce deterioration of milk and changes in it´s composition. This cause worse processability of milk for dairy products.
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Analýza vybraných jakostních parametrů mléka u dvou plemen skotu v průběhu roku
Životská, Hana
This diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of selected quality parameters of milk from two breeds of dairy cattle during a year. The literary review contains the information about the basic structure of cow's milk and with a more detailed focus on ingredients, which were observed in this thesis (proteins, fat, lactose, chlorides and somatic cells). In addition, the information was also included on basic milk quality indicators and the information about breeds of dairy cattle from which came samples of milk. Samples for analysis came from dairy cows of Czech Fleckvieh breed (farm GenAgro Ricany, a.s.) and from dairy cows of Holstein breed (University farm Zabcice). Samples of milk were obtained during 4 seasons, namely from January 6th 2017 to December 7th 2017. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the content of the milk observed components is influenced besides else factors, also by the season (in the winter protein content achieved values on averaged 3,31 % and 3,19 % in the summer). Moreover, a significant negative correlation coefficient was detected between proteins and somatic cell count (r = -0,73) and between lactose and somatic cell count (r = -0,45). Overall results showed that all milk samples meet the quality limits (proteins ≥ 2,8 %, fat ≥ 3,3 %, SCC ≤ 400 103.ml-1).
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Vliv různých typů podestýlky na parametry mléčné užitkovosti dojnic holštýnského skotu ve vybraných chovech
Maňáková, Michaela
The aim of this diploma thesis was based on analyze and following synthesis evaluated the effect of different types of bedding on milk performance parameters dairy cows of Holstein cattle. The experiment was carried out during one calendar year (February 2017 to January 2018). The monitoring was carried out once a month, one day after performance check in three selected farms – Company A (Farma Zdeňka), Company B (ZOD Lešná), Company C (ŠZP NJ). In the companies was used high bed with manure separation and ground limestone, a high bed covered with straw, deep bed with a sandwich of the first type with a layer of separating manure and ground limestone and deep bedding. Between milk performance parameters were included data of the order of lactation (n), days in milk (n), milk production (kg), content of fat (%), content of protein (%), number of somatic cells in thousands in 1 ml (PSB in thousands/ml). At the same time was determined the air temperature (° C). The results shows that the best type of housing cows was housing with deep bed with with a sandwich of the first type with a layer of separating manure and ground limestone according to number of somatic cells in the milk (145,6 thousand/ml) and the occurrence of mastitis (2,9%), as well as the milk production (36,9 kg) and the milk components content (3,9% fat and 3,4% proteins). The highest number of somatic cells (company B 419,3 thousand/ml and company C 378,9 thousand/ml) and the highest percentage of clinical mastitis (7,7% in company B and 5,7% in company C) were achieved dairy cows housing on high beds with a separation manure at companies B and C.
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Studium vlivu markeru CGIL4 na obsah somatických buněk v mléce
MOJŽÍŠKOVÁ, Nikola
The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of individual genotypes in the CGIL4 locus in a given cattle population. The analysis was carried out in breeds of Holstein and Czech Pied Cattle. The relationship between the genotype in the given locus and the number of somatic cells in the milk was verified. An increased number of somatic cells is the main indicator of mastitis. The diploma thesis described the factors that provoked their origin. In the practical part, milk samples were taken in a selected cow population of both breeds. The DNA was isolated from the milk and samples for the CGIL4 locus were genotyped. Genetic and allelic frequencies were counted from genotyping results. Finally, the potential relationship between genotype in a given locus and the number of somatic cells in milk was evaluated statistically.
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Prevention of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts in milk of cows
Lebedová, Šárka ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Stádník, Luděk (referee)
This thesis focuses on a mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary glands in herds of dairy cattle and the somatic cells in milk.
At the beginning is described mammary gland and milk composition. After characterization of mastitis and their differentiation by typical symptoms, ie subclinical and clinical forms. Mastitis are among the highly costly disease of cows, because of the economic consequences, which include negative changes in quality of milk, decreased milk synthesis, the financial cost of veterinary treatment and drugs, higher intensity decommissioning cows from the productive group. Following is an overview of pathogens and characteristics of the most common causes of mastitis. Described are also immune function of the mammary gland and mechanisms that occur in the mammary gland during penetration of pathogens whose mission is to destroy microorganisms. They describe the three main risk factors: pathogen external environment, cows, whose interaction is a precondition for the onset of inflammation. The following is an overview of preventive measures, which include milking teat disinfection, housing, nutrition, drying off cows and the possibility of selection for resistance to mastitis. Then there are methods for the diagnosis of mastitis, which detects the number of the somatic cells, the concentration of enzyme and lactose. Further described is the treatment of sub-clinical, clinical mastitis and prevent the occurrence of resistance to antibiotics.
The conclusion is devoted to somatic cells, which are mostly made up of white blood cells and epithelial cells. Among the factors influencing the quantity of somatic cells include: pathogens and the level of infection, milk production, age of cows and stage of lactation influence the seasons etc. Most of the somatic cells reflected the presence of pathogens in the milk, it causes inflammation, which is accompanied by migration of white blood cells from blood in milk.
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Řízení raného puerperia u holštýnských krav
Tóthová, Réka
The aim of thesis is focused on impact of early puerperium on cow performance and other healt and production characteristics. Describe basic anatomical structures of cattle reproduction organs, hormonal changes within physiological processes in female body in time of estrus, pregnancy, parturition and lactation too. This thesis evaluate healt status of Holstein cattle herd on lowland farm in two periods and describe differences between them.
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Možnosti detekce mastitidního mléka ve vztahu k jeho technologické kvalitě
Poláčková, Marie
Mastitis is a very serious disease. We distinguish between clinical and subclinical form, contagious and environmental mastitis. Method for the detection are of many. Since somatic cell count, pH, NK assays to detect the help of enzymes. The most important enzymes for the detection of lactate dehydrogenase, Nagasse, lactoferrin, plasmin, alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase. Dissertation dealt with whether the activity of enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase primarily on the number of somatic cells. This hypothesis was confirmed (p> 0.05) Furthermore addressed the question whether when spinning will decrease the number of somatic cells, w0hich was statistically significant (p <0.05).
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